• Casein accounts for of the total protein in bovine milk

  2023-08-24

  

  Casein accounts for 80% of the total protein in bovine milk (Capriotti, Cavaliere, Piovesana, Samperi, & Laganà, 2016); hydrolysates or bioactive peptides derived from casein have been employed widely in food as a functional ingredient (Capriotti et al., 2016, Field et al., 2008). Many studies have

• Illustrated in is the protocol we applied for the screens

  2023-08-24

  

  Illustrated in is the protocol we applied for the screens of novel furoic acids as ACL inhibitors. We constructed our furan carboxylate library that contained 1446 2-furoic Fer-1 derivatives and 501 3-furoic acid derivatives by performing substructural searches of the ZINC database. We limited th

• The specific mechanism and neurotoxic A species

  2023-08-24

  

  The specific mechanism and neurotoxic Aβ TAME receptor are yet to be elucidated, however recent studies have provided significant evidence for the amyloid channel hypothesis. These reports have established that relatively small oligomers ( Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This work was fi

• br Competing interests br Acknowledgments This research was

  2023-08-24

  

  Competing interests Acknowledgments This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (NRF-2014R1A4A1071040). Introduction Mitochondria occupy an important position as mediators of

• Despite extensive studies on the

  2023-08-23

  

  Despite extensive studies on the expression of T. pallidum-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, very little is known about T. pallidum-mediated intracellular signaling pathway activation, that leads to cytokine expression in macrophages. A network of signaling molecules, transcription factors, epigen

• The present study determined the effect of

  2023-08-23

  

  The present study determined the effect of DCA on VSMC calcification in vitro and in atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice in vivo. We found that bosentan non-toxic concentrations of DCA, did not affect VSMC viability, induced calcification of VSMC in culture and increased atherosclerotic vascular calcifica

• An important observation in our

  2023-08-23

  

  An important observation in our study is the lack of effect of paroxetine pretreatment alone on β2AR membrane expression, which suggests that paroxetine, and pharmacologic inhibition of GRK2 in general, does not directly induce changes in receptor dynamics. Rather, the decreased ligand-induced β-arr

• It is important to note that

  2023-08-23

  

  It is important to note that stable amnesia is, apparently, a general biological phenomenon and can be found in different animal species. In studies on rats, it was found that if reconsolidation of conditioned olfactory aversion memory was impaired by the antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors, amne

• Adenosine is a ubiquitous homeostatic substance released fro

  2023-08-23

  

  Adenosine is a ubiquitous homeostatic substance released from most cells, including neurons and glias. Endogenous adenosine acts at four principal G-protein-associated receptor subtypes: A1, A2a, A2b and A3 (Ralevic and Burnstock, 1998). The stimulation of adenosine receptors by extracellular adenos

• Mechanisms implicated in antinociception by A R agonists

  2023-08-23

  

  Mechanisms implicated in antinociception by A3R agonists in neuropathic pain are summarized in Box 3. Cellular transduction mechanisms for A3Rs include inhibition of cyclic AMP, PKA via Gαi, interactions with PLC/IP3/DAG and signaling via Gαi and Gαq, and interactions with PI3K/MEK/ERK via βγ subuni

• It is interesting that Li et al reported

  2023-08-23

  

  It is interesting that Li et al. (2008) reported that AChR-immunized FcγRIIB knock out (KO) mice are significantly resistant to antibody-mediated EAMG. This is in contrast with previous studies, but does not contradict the results presented here. Despite their observation that the incidence and seve

• The discovery of acetylsalicylic acid aspirin in paved the w

  2023-08-23

  

  The discovery of acetylsalicylic PJ34 (aspirin) in 1897 paved the way for the development of classical NSAIDs as first-line therapeutics for anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic therapy. Large efforts have been made in the following decades to improve the efficacy and in particular safety o

• Introduction Lysophosphatidic acid LPA is a key serum borne

  2023-08-23

  

  Introduction Lysophosphatidic Rosiglitazone (LPA) is a key, serum-borne phospholipid, regulating a number of cellular processes such as proliferation, migration and differentiation through its interaction with G-protein coupled receptors. LPA receptor signaling has been implicated in several disea

• Tumor suppressor ARF regulates the activity of

  2023-08-23

  

  Tumor suppressor ARF regulates the activity of p53 by inhibiting the functions of Mdm2. ARF is induced by hyperproliferative signals emanating from oncogenic Ras, overexpressed c-myc, and from deregulated E2F . ARF prevents p53 degradation and leads to increased p53 function by sequestering Mdm2 to

• A high throughput screening campaign led to the discovery

  2023-08-23

  

  A high-throughput screening campaign led to the discovery of the first series of both potent and selective ATR kinase inhibitors by Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Charrier et al., 2011). One of these compounds, VE-821, was shown to be a potent ATP-competitive inhibitor of ATR with minimal cross-reactivity

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